Clotting time and bleeding duration

01.06.2021

Markers of the state of the blood coagulation system are:

• Morawitz clotting time - more details
• Lee-White clotting time - more details
• Blood clotting according to Sukharev - more details
• Duration of bleeding according to Duke - more details

Reception of biomaterial and performance of these studies is carried out

until 16:00

Morawitz blood clotting time:

this is an indicator reflecting the consistency of the process of transition of fibrinogen to fibrin .

The main diagnostic value of the method is that a shortening of blood clotting time occurs only with increased thrombus formation .

An increase in clotting time may indicate a deficiency of factors VIII, IX and XI, and an increased concentration of anticoagulants in the blood.

You can take the Morawitz test at the Smartlab addresses:

• Odessa, st. Ak. Vorobyova, 5a
• Odessa, st. Ak. Vorobyova, 3
• Odessa, st. Ak. Sakharova, 24
• Odessa, st. Ak. Sakharova, 36
• Odessa, Dobrovolsky Ave., 75-a
• Odessa, st. Fontanskaya road, 16
• Odessa, st. Ak. Queen, 1
• Odessa, st. Pushkinskaya, 39
• Odessa, st. Zhukovsky, 30
• Odessa, st. Staroportofrankovskaya, 81
• Odessa, Lyustdorfskaya road, 52
• Chernomorsk, st. V. Shuma, 21
• Izmail, st. Suvorova, 77a
• Nikolaev, st. Pogranichnaya, 29g
• Kherson, 200 years of Kherson Ave., 7
• Kropyvnytskyi, st. Bolshaya Perspektivnaya, 6/3
• Kropyvnytskyi, st. Heroes of Ukraine, 26
• Kropyvnytskyi, st. Evgenia Telnova, 2/1

Mechanism of stopping bleeding

Since the blood in the body, directly in the vessels, is in a liquid state, this way all organs are nourished and saturated with oxygen and nutrients.
It is divided into three types:

1. Bleeding. Active flow of blood out into the organ cavity.
2. Hemorrhage. The release of blood from the vessels with subsequent saturation of surrounding tissues.
3. Hematoma. The resulting artificial cavity filled with blood, which is capable of stratifying tissue.

Depending on how much bleeding is present, the body suffers varying degrees of harm.
To prevent a person from suffering due to severe blood loss, nature provides a protective mechanism for this case - blood clotting.

This process is characterized by thrombus formation : a blood clot at the site of the wound appears as a result of the transition of a dissolved protein in the blood plasma (fibrinogen) into an insoluble one - fibrin. The transition from one protein state to another is due to the fact that damaged platelets secrete a special protein - prothrombin. After this, under the influence of calcium ions and thromboplastin (the initiator of clotting), fibrinogen transforms into the form of fibrin. This substance forms a fine mesh at the site of vessel damage, in the cells of which blood cells are retained. The liquid state is replaced by a thick, curdled state.

Blood clotting according to Sukharev

These are general coagulation tests to identify the most severe disorders in the blood coagulation system. Tests are usually not used to detect mild forms of hemophilia, to monitor replacement therapy, or to pre-operatively prepare patients.

To the greatest extent, the indications of these studies are reflected in a significant deficiency of factors XII, XI, IX and VIII involved in the internal mechanism of the formation of prothrombinase and fibrinogen.

YOU CAN GET TESTED BY Lee-White or Sukharev AT THE SMARTLAB ADDRESSES:

• Odessa, st. Ak. Vorobyova, 5a
• Odessa, st. Ak. Vorobyova, 3
• Odessa, st. Ak. Sakharova, 24
• Odessa, st. Ak. Sakharova, 36
• Odessa, Dobrovolsky Ave., 75-a
• Odessa, st. Fontanskaya road, 16
• Odessa, st. Ak. Queen, 1
• Odessa, st. Pushkinskaya, 39
• Odessa, st. Zhukovsky, 30
• Odessa, st. Staroportofrankovskaya, 81
• Odessa, Lyustdorfskaya road, 52
• Chernomorsk, st. V. Shuma, 21
• Izmail, st. Suvorova, 77a
• Nikolaev, st. Pogranichnaya, 29g
• Kherson, 200 years of Kherson Ave., 7
• Kropyvnytskyi, st. Bolshaya Perspektivnaya, 6/3
• Kropyvnytskyi, st. Heroes of Ukraine, 26
• Kropyvnytskyi, st. Evgenia Telnova, 2/1

Indications for use

The duration of bleeding according to Duque is one of the simplest methods, but its results can be a reason for a more detailed examination. The procedure does not require special expensive equipment or complex skills. It is prescribed at the initial stages of a general examination if various diseases are suspected, as well as during routine diagnostics.

Indications for the study may be:

• phlebeurysm;
• examination before planned surgery;
• tendency to form blood clots;
• chronic liver diseases;
• autoimmune pathologies;
• a tendency to develop hematomas - this indicates weakness of the blood vessels;
• general examination during pregnancy planning.

The main purpose of the Duque bleeding time is to assess platelet activity. Normally, they are activated immediately as soon as a violation of the integrity of the vessel wall occurs. They clog the damaged area to prevent fluid from leaving the bloodstream. This process is called white thrombus formation. Any violations, either in the direction of increasing or decreasing the rate of thrombus formation, can be the result of dangerous diseases.

For analysis you will need a special needle that controls the depth of tissue puncture

Duration of bleeding according to Duke:

The period of time from the moment the first drop of blood appears until the filter paper stops staining is referred to as the duration of bleeding .

Duke's bleeding time characterizes the elasticity of blood vessels and their ability to contract during injury , as well as the state of the platelet hemostasis system (ability for adhesion and aggregation).

The main purpose of this method is to determine whether there is a prolongation of bleeding time . Prolongation of bleeding time reflects a violation of primary hemostasis due to thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathies, vascular wall disorders, or a combination of these factors.

YOU CAN TAKE A DUKE ANALYSIS AT SMARTLAB ADDRESSES:

• Odessa, st. Ak. Vorobyova, 5a
• Odessa, st. Ak. Vorobyova, 3
• Odessa, st. Ak. Sakharova, 24
• Odessa, st. Ak. Sakharova, 36
• Odessa, Dobrovolsky Ave., 75-a
• Odessa, st. Fontanskaya road, 16
• Odessa, st. Ak. Queen, 1
• Odessa, st. Pushkinskaya, 39
• Odessa, st. Zhukovsky, 30
• Odessa, st. Staroportofrankovskaya, 81
• Odessa, Lyustdorfskaya road, 52
• Chernomorsk, st. V. Shuma, 21
• Izmail, st. Suvorova, 77a
• Nikolaev, st. Pogranichnaya, 29g
• Kherson, 200 years of Kherson Ave., 7
• Kropyvnytskyi, st. Bolshaya Perspektivnaya, 6/3
• Kropyvnytskyi, st. Heroes of Ukraine, 26
• Kropyvnytskyi, st. Evgenia Telnova, 2/1

Research methodology

For the study, it is necessary to puncture the skin so that blood comes out. Previously, it was done on the earlobe, but now it is possible to puncture the skin in the area of ​​​​the pad of the ring finger. For the procedure you will need a Frank needle. It has a special design, so it cannot damage tissue more than 4 mm in depth. Its design includes a body and a small trigger. The puncture is performed by pressing the trigger - the spring straightens and the needle enters the skin.

Assessment of bleeding duration according to Duque is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. make a skin puncture in the area of ​​the fingertip or earlobe;
2. detect the time when the first drop of blood appears;
3. every 10-15 seconds, remove the liquid with filter paper, but carefully;
4. record the time when the paper remains completely clean, without traces of blood.

REFERENCE! Normal bleeding time according to Duque is from 2 to 4 minutes. If the result is significantly different, it is worth repeating the study and checking whether there was an error during the procedure.

Coagulogram:

This is a complex of studies of the hemostasis system.

A coagulogram differs from “clotting time” or “duration of bleeding” in that the coagulogram determines several related indicators at once , rather than just one .

Using a coagulogram, the state of the hematopoietic system is determined. The coagulogram includes the following indicators:

• % prothrombin according to Quick
• APTT
• Fibrinogen
• Thrombin time
• INR

Why do you need to check blood clotting?

Blood clotting time is sometimes an indicator of serious deviations in the condition of the body. A blood test that determines clotting time is called a coagulogram.

Delayed or accelerated thrombus formation, to varying degrees, adversely affects the development and function of organs . The rate of blood clotting can change with age - in children this process occurs faster than in people of retirement age. Therefore, to prevent and timely correct possible hematopoietic pathologies, experts advise regularly undergoing preventive examinations and a full examination.

Decoding the results

The normal duration of capillary bleeding is from 1 to 4 minutes. During this time, in a healthy person, a spasm of the damaged vessel occurs, and platelets are activated. Thanks to these processes, the section of the vascular wall in the area of ​​the puncture is closed by a thrombus, which retains the fluid in the lumen of the capillary. The readings are deciphered on site, and the results are assessed by a doctor.

Duke's test is often performed in combination with other tests. Thus, it is equally important to assess the rate of blood clotting, count the number of platelets and determine their percentage with other formed elements. There are also specific tests that can help assess the degree of platelet aggregation with collagen and adrenaline.

IMPORTANT! To evaluate the correctness of the result, you can put a little pressure on the puncture area after the bleeding has completely stopped. Normally, its slight resumption is allowed, but the blood quickly stops.

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When is the test ordered?

It is necessary to determine whether the norm for coagulation is exceeded or not quite often.

As a rule, such a study can be prescribed in the following cases:

• if there is a suspicion of problems with platelets or a clotting reaction;
• if the patient is undergoing surgery;
• before childbirth;
• if there is a suspicion of hemorrhagic disorders.

It is worth noting that such analysis is not carried out often. As a rule, it is used in small hospitals where there is no equipped laboratory. An analysis was carried out and the norm was determined using this method and it can be anywhere. This study can be done even at home. Therefore, it is practiced in cases where there are no other ways to determine blood clotting time.

Progress of the procedure

To carry out this type of laboratory test, a small amount of capillary blood is taken from the patient's ring finger.
After introducing a scarifier (puncture), the first drop of blood is removed, as it may contain elements of tissue fluid and pathogenic microorganisms. The next drop is the material for research, which is placed in the so-called Panchenkov apparatus. During the test, a sample of capillary blood is placed in a glass capillary, which is subsequently tilted left and right. In parallel with this action, the laboratory doctor records the time that will be spent on the formation of a blood clot. The onset of this process is not difficult to determine, since the blood in the glass capillary begins to coagulate and stops moving.

In simple terms, we can say that Sukharev’s technique is aimed at assessing the interval between taking a blood sample and the beginning of the formation of a fibrin clot.

Causes of prolonged bleeding

The cause of abnormal bleeding time may be hereditary or acquired.

Among the hereditary causes of bleeding disorders are the following:

• von Willebrand disease;
• Glanzmann's thrombasthenia;
• Bernard-Soulier syndrome;
• connective tissue diseases (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia).

Among the acquired causes of abnormally long bleeding time, the most common are the following:

• long-term use of medications, especially aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, anticoagulants, tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics;
• vitamin C deficiency;
• frequent alcohol intoxication;
• uremia;
• liver failure;
• leukemia;
• myelodysplastic syndrome;
• amyloidosis.

This is why the patient should not take any blood thinning medications or alcohol for 7 days before the test as this may lead to false results.