The main advantage of arrhythmia: they don’t take you into the army!

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Updated: September 18, 2021
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Since diseases of the cardiovascular system are among the group of diseases that especially often serve as grounds for exemption or deferment from military service, the question of whether people with cardiac arrhythmia are taken into the army 2022, for the conscript is among the most actively discussed. However, it is impossible to give a specific answer to this question without taking into account the type, symptoms and causes of this disease, as well as the factors accompanying it.

The army and cardiac arrhythmia

Representing a disease of the cardiovascular system, arrhythmia manifests itself in the acceleration or deceleration of the heart rate and in the disturbance of heart rhythm.

Cardiologists distinguish the following types of cardiac arrhythmia:

• atrial fibrillation, characterized by asynchronous activity of the muscle fibers of the atria, leading to their fluttering in the form of “flickering”;
• sinus, in which the sinus node produces impulses of various frequencies that provoke cardiac arrhythmias;
• sinus tachycardia, manifested in rapid heartbeat, gradually increasing in the range from 90 to 160 beats per minute, followed by a gradual decrease in heart rate to normal values;
• sinus bradycardia, in which the heart rate slows to 60 beats per minute;
• extrasystole, characterized by extraordinary contractions of the heart muscle, provoking cardiac arrhythmias.
• paroxysmal tachycardia, which differs from sinus tachycardia by a sudden increase in heart rate and an equally sudden cessation of heart rate growth.

IMPORTANT! Cardiac pathologies, which in civilian life worsen the quality of life of a young man of military age, can become deadly under conditions of increased physical activity and poor nutrition in the army.

That is why military medical commissions of military registration and enlistment offices pay the closest attention to conducting correct diagnostics when examining conscripts who have complaints of heart problems.

In cases where the arrhythmia observed in a conscript is not caused by serious pathologies and cannot lead to functional disorders in cardiac activity, a young man of conscription age is legally recruited to serve in the army.

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Eligibility categories for sinus arrhythmia

Before being assigned to a military unit for service, a conscript undergoes a medical examination, on the basis of which one or another fitness category is determined:

• "A". Fully suitable for military service. Can serve in all its units, including the landing force and the navy;
• "B". A conscript is recognized as limitedly fit for military service and can serve in certain troops;
• "IN". Sent to the reserves and, in the event of general mobilization, called up for military training;
• "G". Provides a temporary deferment from service due to the need for therapeutic measures with subsequent recommission;
• "D". The conscript is completely unsuitable for military service.

What types of arrhythmias are not accepted into the army?

Sinus and other types of heart rhythm disturbances, based on serious pathologies that adversely affect the health of conscripts and require systematic monitoring by a doctor during the constant treatment of the patient, give doctors legal grounds to exempt such young people from conscription.

But for this, the military medical commission should correctly diagnose such patients using diagnostic tools. For example, in clause 9 of the RF PP No. 565 dated 07/04/2013, as amended on 06/01/2020, it is stated that disturbances in the rhythm and electrical conductivity of the heart are assessed based on ECG analysis at rest.

Article 42 of the Schedule of Diseases defines the fitness categories on the basis of which a conscript can be released from military service due to pathological changes in his cardiovascular system.

Young people of military age will be exempt from the army if they have:

• paroxysmal and atrial fibrillation;
• pronounced ventricular extrasystoles;
• persistent disturbances of heart rhythm and conduction, requiring antiarrhythmic therapy and constant use of appropriate medications;
• mitral valve prolapse;
• cardiac ischemia;
• heart failure;
• heart defect.

Diseases and secondary arrhythmia

It should be noted that often arrhythmia is a sign of developing dangerous diseases that can cause release from service. Such pathologies may be:

• diseases of a rheumatic nature;
• disruption of the heart (including acute heart failure);
• heart disease;
• mitral valve prolapse;
• chronic myocardial pathologies;
• endocrine and hormonal disruptions.

In this case, the conscript should undergo a full examination and identify the cause of the arrhythmia. The diagnostic results must be documented and presented during the medical examination at the military registration and enlistment office.

Will people with sinus arrhythmia be called up in 2022?

Being the most common cardiac pathology among conscripts, this type of cardiac arrhythmia does not make sinus arrhythmia and the army incompatible concepts. Even with this officially established and documented diagnosis, the conscript will most likely not be released from military service in 2022.

The basis for this is the fact that most often this deviation is observed in young people leading a sedentary lifestyle. Without proper physical activity, the heart muscle weakens and its rhythm increases. Military service eliminates this deficiency and, accordingly, benefits the young man’s health.

REFERENCE. Such a diagnosis can lead to exemption from military service only if there are serious complications in the body caused specifically by arrhythmia, or if it is detected against the background of more dangerous cardiac pathologies.

Causes and risk factors

Before you find out whether someone with heart arrhythmia is recruited into the army, it is important to note that the reasons for this deviation in a person can be different (related to heart disease or arising from other diseases).

Most often, the development of this deviation in patients is facilitated by:

1. Heart diseases. This may be myocarditis, an organ malformation, a history of heart attack, or coronary heart disease.
2. High blood pressure.
3. Abuse of strong alcoholic drinks and frequent drinking of coffee.
4. Smoking.
5. Stress and chronic nervous overstrain.
6. Impact of a number of medications.
7. Diabetes.
8. Thyroid diseases.
9. Genetic predisposition.
10. Excess weight.

How to get exemption for heart disease

Various types of cardiac pathologies require an equally large number of examinations and medical consultations when a young man undergoes a draft medical examination.

When diagnosing cardiac arrhythmia, it is first necessary to identify the presence of other, more complex diseases of the cardiovascular system. To do this, the conscript receives a referral for examination by a cardiologist. In this case, the doctor is guided by the provisions of articles 42-48 of the Schedule of Diseases dedicated to heart diseases.

After a detailed examination, the cardiologist makes a final diagnosis, which is the basis for members of the medical commission of the military registration and enlistment office when assigning a fitness category to a conscript.

IMPORTANT! The basis for exemption from military service can only be officially documented results of diagnostic studies of pathologies in the condition of the conscript’s cardiovascular system.

In which troops does arrhythmia make it possible to serve?

When an arrhythmia is detected in a conscript, he is most often assigned a fitness category of “B” or “C”, it all depends on the stage of progression and manifesting symptoms of the disease. As a result, the young man has the opportunity to:

• Be in guard duty, drive a car, and maintain equipment in the railway troops. This is the case if he was assigned fitness category “B”;
• Category “B” sends a young man to the reserve and, in case of mobilization, he is called up for military training.

Is it possible to slant based on arrhythmia?

It's no secret that most young people are not eager to serve in the military. The most popular and safest way to avoid conscription is to feign some serious illness. Very often, conscripts are punished for heart disease.

Arrhythmia is definitely not the best diagnosis for simulation. It never starts just like that, but is a consequence or symptom of another disease, usually quite serious. Those with common sinus arrhythmia are recruited into the army. Only the most dangerous forms of rhythm disturbances, which do not arise suddenly and out of nowhere, are guaranteed exemption from conscription. If a young man does not have serious evidence of his diagnosis, then most likely they will not listen to him at all. But even in the presence of a serious pathology, a “military officer” is not issued immediately, but only after several checks and examinations. They are usually carried out in a hospital.

Installation of a pacemaker is considered one of the most effective treatments for severe heart rhythm disorders.

To confirm the diagnosis, the conscript will have to undergo several types of ECG (regular, under load, daily monitoring) and undergo a lot of tests. It’s definitely not possible to deceive complex equipment. And it’s not at all easy to deceive doctors who are well aware of all the tricks of the malingerers. You can also add that attempting to evade military service is a crime punishable by law.

General information and classification

The heart constantly changes the rhythm of its contractions. In normal condition, it beats at a frequency of 60-80 beats per minute. Physical or psychological stress speeds up its work - this is an absolutely normal reaction of the body. In a healthy person, the heart beats in a coordinated and stable rhythm, which is regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems. Rhythm disturbances are caused by excessive consumption of alcohol or coffee, smoking, and taking medications.

Pain or feeling of pressure in the chest is one of the characteristic signs of arrhythmia

It is important to understand that rhythm disturbance in itself is not considered a disease; arrhythmias are a manifestation of certain pathologies, most of which can lead to serious consequences. The most common causes of this pathology are:

• ischemic disease (IHD);
• cardiomyopathy;
• heart attacks;
• atherosclerosis;
• asthenia and vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD);
• myocarditis;
• mitral valve prolapse;
• congenital or acquired premature excitation of the cardiac ventricles (VPV syndrome);
• arterial hypertension;
• excessive weight;
• thyroid dysfunction.

Depending on the location, there are three types of arrhythmia:

• sinus;
• ventricular;
• atrial.

The heart has its own pacemaker - the sinus node. Disturbances in its functioning lead to sinus arrhythmia of the heart. This form of pathology is the most common. In this case, the sequence of phases in the contraction is preserved, but the intervals between them change. The degree of this arrhythmia can be severe or moderate.

According to the nature of arrhythmia disorders, there are:

• Tachycardia. Rapid heartbeat, with a pulse rate of more than 80 beats per minute while maintaining a normal rhythm. If such a condition occurs in a person in a calm state, then we can talk about a potentially dangerous violation;
• Bradycardia. This is a decrease in heart rate. Bradycardia may be a consequence of pathological processes or, conversely, indicate that the heart is trained. Slow heart rate is a characteristic phenomenon among professional athletes;
• Paroxysmal disorders. Sudden attacks of rapid increase in heart rate, which can reach up to 200 beats per minute. A very dangerous condition that can lead to fainting and cardiac arrest. The patient needs urgent medical attention during an attack;
• Extrasystole. One of the most common types of arrhythmia, which occurs when the heart or one of its departments contracts untimely. For example, supraventricular tachycardia is premature contraction of the atrium. Extrasystolic arrhythmia also occurs in healthy people after severe stress, smoking, or a heavy dose of coffee or alcohol. At the same time, extrasystole can be a manifestation of dangerous changes in the myocardium. For example, it develops in chronic heart failure or ischemic heart disease;
• Atrial fibrillation. Pathology occurs due to rhythm disturbances and an increase in the amount of atrial contraction. They begin to “flicker” – that is, they stop working in an organized and synchronous manner. This type of arrhythmia is dangerous and can lead to cardiomyopathy, stroke and sudden cardiac arrest. 15% of cerebral hemorrhages occur in patients with atrial fibrillation.

The moderate form of the disorder can hardly even be called a pathology - it often occurs in older people and adolescents during puberty. Severe sinus arrhythmia, as a rule, is a consequence of the disease and requires consultation with a doctor.

Clinical manifestations of arrhythmia are different and diverse. In the early stages, this pathology, as a rule, is not expressed at all. Typical symptoms of rhythm disturbances are:

• weakness and dizziness;
• difficulty breathing;
• chest pain and pressure;
• rapid pulse or “fading” of the heart;
• frequent headaches;
• tremor of the limbs;
• anxiety or panic attacks;
• loss of consciousness.

The problem is that the symptoms described above are similar to those of other, less dangerous diseases. Often they are not paid attention to at all, attributing them to stress, fatigue or physical exertion.

Different types of rhythm disturbances on the electrocardiogram

The main method for diagnosing heart rhythm disturbances is electrocardiography. In addition to the usual examination, patients are prescribed an ECG during exercise, as well as daily monitoring of the electrical activity of the heart. An electrocardiogram can show the regularity of heart contractions, extrasystoles, myocardial damage and conduction disorders. Also, when diagnosing arrhythmia, a blood test for hormone levels, ultrasound and echography of the heart are prescribed, sometimes the patient needs to have an MRI of the brain, radiography and ultrasound of the kidneys.

To treat arrhythmia, medications, physiotherapy and surgical methods are used. Pacemakers are very effective in correcting heart rhythm. These are small devices that stimulate the heart muscle through special electrodes and make it work correctly.

People suffering from such a pathology have to radically change their lifestyle: give up bad habits, coffee, excessive exercise, sleep normally, and avoid stress. One thing to remember: the sooner dysfunction is detected and treatment is started, the greater the chance of a favorable outcome.

Symptoms of arrhythmia

The clinical picture of arrhythmias can be very different and depends on the form of the disorder. Let's characterize the most common ones.

Arrhythmias associated with impaired automaticity

sinus node.
Here, options are possible with a change in the rate of generation of electrical signals and heart contractions towards an increase ( sinus tachycardia
) or decrease (
sinus bradycardia
), as well as unequal time intervals between systoles (
sinus arrhythmia
). A normal heart rate for a healthy adult is considered to be between 60 and 90 beats per minute. A tachyarrhythmia greater than 90 beats/min will be felt as a rapid heartbeat. With bradycardia less than 40 beats/min, weakness, dizziness are a concern, fainting is possible due to a decrease in cerebral perfusion, and with a frequency of more than 40 beats/min, it is usually asymptomatic, like sinus arrhythmia.

Ectopic contractions manifest themselves as a feeling of freezing, shuddering, “tumbling,” and interruptions in the functioning of the heart. They speak of ectopia if the point of birth of the electrical signal is not the sinus node. If the contraction from the ectopic impulse occurs prematurely, before the completion of the stage of cardiac relaxation, they speak of extrasystole

. Additional foci of excitation can be present at different levels and, accordingly, generate supraventricular (atrial, atrioventricular) and ventricular extrasystoles. Often untimely contractions alternate with normal sinus ones and can be single, paired or grouped.

Three or more systoles in a row, uniform in their non-sinus origin, are considered an ectopic rhythm

(atrial, atrioventricular, idioventricular). When an unnatural source of excitation is highly active and, suppressing the sinus one, becomes a pacemaker, paroxysmal tachycardia occurs (heart rate more than 140 beats/min). The patient notices intense heartbeat.

Flutter

- rhythmic contraction of the atria/ventricles at a very high frequency (200-400 per minute).
Fibrillation
(350-700 beats/min) is a random, low-productive contraction of the myocardium, otherwise called fibrillation. Atrial flutter and fibrillation are relatively favorable. Due to the inhibitory, filtering effect of the AV node, only a portion of the electrical excitations are carried out to the ventricles, due to which they are reduced at a frequency an order of magnitude lower (usually no more than 160/min). The state of health suffers in a manner similar to tachycardia and extrasystole; shortness of breath, dizziness, and heart pain may occur.

Ventricular flutter and fibrillation are life-threatening conditions and, in the absence of emergency measures (defibrillation), quickly lead to the death of the patient.

Heart block

- weakening or complete cessation of electrical conductivity of a certain section of the conductive system. It can appear and disappear without treatment (then it is called transient), or be permanent. The symptoms here depend on the location, the degree of blockade, in mild forms they are absent, in moderate and severe forms they correspond to rhythm irregularity and bradyarrhythmia.

In general, the absence of symptoms of arrhythmia is a fairly common occurrence, and the detection of rhythm disturbances occurs by chance during an examination for another reason.

Diagnosis of arrhythmia

Doctors have several methods for detecting arrhythmias, and each has its own characteristics.

1. ECG
   is a publicly available method that provides information about the patient’s rhythm at a given moment in time, allows you to record permanent disturbances and transient ones, if they are present at the time of registration.
2. Holter monitoring
   ECG - 24-hour recording of an electrocardiogram. With this method, it is possible to establish all disturbances in the functioning of the heart within a day.
3. EchoCG
   is an ultrasound examination of the heart. Makes it possible to visually determine the presence of arrhythmia and identify the organic cause of its occurrence.
4. Provocative tests
   : orthostatic test, transesophageal electrophysiological study, intracardiac ECG recording) are capable of artificially inducing and recording arrhythmia when it cannot be detected during daily monitoring due to its transient nature.